SERPINE1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In addition, the upregulation of multiple pro-inflammatory pathways30,31, low levels of adiponectin31,32, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress33, mitochondrial dysfunction34,35 and the increased circulating levels of fibrinogen, factor VIII, coagulation factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor1 (PAI1)36,37 are the potential mechanisms to increase the risk of chronic vascular complications in individuals with NAFLD.