Given that nicotinamide N-oxides are antagonists of the CXCR2 receptor [63] and that CXCR2 ligands are over represented in DMD [64], the apparent reduction in serum could relate to the anti-inflammatory action of nicotinamide N-oxide during the early phase of the disease, which is then stabilized from week 12 onwards. The gene discussed is CXCR2; the disease is Duchenne muscular dystrophy.