Analysis of OS in patients grouped by histological type, 1p/19q status and primary therapy outcome, also showed that poor prognosis was accompanied by increased MAPK4 levels in the astrocytoma and oligoastrocytoma, 1p/19q noncodeletion, progressive disease (PD) and complete response (CR) groups (Figure 3E‐H). The gene discussed is MAPK4; the disease is oligoastrocytoma.