For example, VPS4A has been associated with cerebellar hypoplasia, cataracts, impaired intellectual development, congenital microcephaly, dystonia, dyserythropoietic anemia, and growth retardation (CIMDAG syndrome, MIM 619273) and with recurrent urinary tract infections, which frequently indicates an underlying structural anomaly (e.g., vesicoureteral reflux or obstruction) (19). The gene discussed is VPS4A; the disease is Primary microcephaly.