TSC1 and lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare multisystem disease primarily affecting premenopausal women (132) that results from mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes TSC1, or TSC2 (4) in aberrant smooth muscle-like cells (LAM cells) that infiltrate the lungs, airways, and lymph nodes via the lymphatics (133).