A total of 7 GPs (GP3, GP6, GP12, GP13, GP17, GP20, GP23) and 11 IGPs (IGP30, IGP36, IGP37, IGP38, IGP46, IGP51, IGP52, IGP57, IGP73, IGP75, IGP77) substantially increased in the carcinogenesis progression of ESCC (Supplementary Figure S2A), while GP5 and 14 IGPs (IGP31, IGP33, IGP34, IGP43, IGP44, IGP47, IGP55, IGP56, IGP58, IGP60, IGP61, IGP62, IGP63, IGP76) showed negative association (Supplementary Figure S2B). Here, NBEAL2 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.