Distinct proteins in a cascade may have common phenotypes during CIN development, as was noted for manipulations of Nf1 and Mek that led to hyperactivity of the MAPK pathway and subsequent similar losses of PV + CINs (Angara et al., 2020; Holter et al., 2021). Here, NF1 is linked to cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.