In recent years, despite the growing numbers of PCa patients identified through prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, imaging technique, and histopathological scores, approximately 25% of PCa patients will experience recurrence and metastasis, and the PCa will develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), leading to poor progression-free survival (PFS) (2). Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.