For hematological malignancies, hereditary predisposition was first identified in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which has led to the identification of several germline mutations, such as RUNX1, CEBPA, GATA2, ANKRD26, DDX41 and ETV6 mutations. The gene discussed is RUNX1; the disease is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.