AFP and liver cancer: It is the first study to investigate the predictive role of ALI in the use of immunotherapy in patients with advanced liver cancer, whereas some previous studies have discussed the influence of immunotherapy in patients with liver cancer based on a single factor; the predictive model built from clinical data of patients is closer to clinical practise; the AFP and ALI subgroup scores are practical indicators that are readily available in clinical practise; and the predictive model built from clinical data of patients is more closely aligned with clinical practise.