S100A4 and breast carcinoma: The three aspatial methods, LCT, RF-GSEA, and GSEA, were used to identify the “hallmark” cancer gene-sets that are significantly associated with five spatially continuous CAF phenotypes represented by their known markers C3, COL11A1, CXCL12, FBLN1, and S100A4 in the single cell breast cancer spatial transcriptomic data.