TGFB1 and cancer: In the canonical pathway analysis, pathways related to stromal reaction, such as “tumor microenvironment pathway,” “regulation of the epithelial mesenchymal transition by growth factor pathway,” “TGF-β signaling,” and “inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase” were expected to be suppressed, and pathways related to tumor growth, such as “inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) pathway,” “IL-6 signaling,” “FAT10 cancer signaling pathway,” “NF-κB signaling,” and “p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling” were expected to be inhibited (Fig 2C).