TNF and asthma: In a previous study, we investigated inflammatory patterns in children with SCD and history of asthma and ACS, in comparison to non-SCD controls with classic allergic asthma and demonstrated elevated Th1 (TNFa, and IP-10), Th2 (IL-4) and monocytic markers in the SCD cohort and an inverse relationship between lung function and Th1 markers (IP-10 and TNFa) [18].