RUNX2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Osteoblasts in high glucose concentrations cause less pro-osteogenic markers such as Runx2 and Osx.41 Moreover, apoptosis of osteoblasts and their precursor cells increased.39 Type 2 diabetes mellitus also increases the negative effect on osteoblasts by directing the differentiation of MSCs into adipose, leading to low osteoblast function, formation, and bone mass.42