VCAM1 and atherosclerosis: In cardiovascular diseases, ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) NPs, VCAM-1 internalizing nanoparticles-1 (VINP-1), which, as its name, target the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) [79], were able to detect early-stage atherosclerosis at the actual site of plaque formation due to their ability accumulate inside endothelial cells and macrophages [79–83].