AR and posterior cortical atrophy: In addition to therapy resistance, CRPC cells induce cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance and dedifferentiation of surrounding cells due to secretion of growth factors and cytokines (5, 6).Therefore, mechanisms leading to CRPC including secondary alterations of the AR, AR bypass and lineage plasticity resulting in neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC) are widely discussed in PCa research.