AMPD1 and chronic kidney disease: Similarly, fibrosis, a hallmark of CKD progression, was substantially reduced in AMPD1 KO mice as denoted by less collagen deposition particularly in outer and inner medullary strips (Figure 3F) and significantly lower levels of hydroxyproline, a marker of severity in fibrotic tissues (270.1 ± 136.5 μg/g in wild type versus 90.1 ± 49.1 in AMPD1 KO, p< 0.01, Figure 3G).