CALR and neoplasm: DAMPs emitted in the course of ICD, such as calreticulin (CALR), heat-shock proteins (HSPs), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), annexin A1 (ANXA1), secreted ATP, and type I interferons (IFNs), can be recognized by both the innate and adaptive immune systems via distinct pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) actuating chemoattraction, homing, activation, maturation, ultimately leading to the cross-presentation of tumor antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the context of robust immune-stimulation (1).