Moreover, p38/NF-kB-mediated transcription products such as TNF-α, MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9), VEGF (also called VEGF-A and located at chromosome 6p12), VEGF-C, and PGE1/2 facilitate the invasion and metastasis of cancer (34, 41,) (109). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK1 and cancer.