(50) have reported that LTBI with DM individuals exhibited diminished frequencies of mono and dual functional Th1 (IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) and Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F and IFNγ) CD4+ T cells at baseline and following TB antigen stimulation in comparison to LTBI without DM individuals, indicating that coincident DM alters the function of CD4+ T cells. Here, TNF is linked to diabetes mellitus.