TNF and diabetes mellitus: (61) has described that LTBI with DM individuals displayed diminished circulating levels of type 1 (IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα), and type 17 (IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22) cytokines and also other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 in comparison to non-DM group.