LEP and Glucose intolerance: It may be related to several pathways: (1) High sodium increases serum leptin levels to decrease energy expenditure and increase energy intake, leading to hypertrophy of abdominal fat and making a vicious cycle (30), (2) High sodium elevates GLUT4 contents to increase glucose uptake in white adipose tissue, contributing to adipocyte hypertrophy (31), and (3) High sodium intake impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by the attenuated β-cell mass increment to induce glucose intolerance (32).