TMPRSS2 and COVID-19: In addition, we identified ginsenosides that can act as TMPRSS2 inhibitors, but due to the different roles of TMPRSS2 expression level in patients with COVID-19 infection and in LUAD patients who do not respond to PD-1 treatment, trade-offs need to be made in medicating TMPRSS2 inhibitors, such as ginsenosides to gain prophylactic and therapeutic benefits against COVID-19 and treatment in LUAD patients.