Functional analysis of differentially methylated genes demonstrated an association with pathways linked to endocrine disorders, metabolic diseases, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism, as well as metabolically related signaling pathways such as Janus kinase 2/signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT-3) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in women with GDM compared to women without GDM. Here, STAT3 is linked to metabolic disease.