A recent study conducted in Brazil have shown altered surface molecules (HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86), cytokine/chemokine production and diminished bacterial clearance in monocyte-derived macrophages from T2D infected with Mtb clinical isolates in comparison to healthy individuals (43), suggesting that this group of DM patient may failure in the control of Mtb infection. The gene discussed is CD80; the disease is diabetes mellitus.