Patients with COVID-19 showed downregulation of genes involved in the AP-1 transcription factor pathway (including JUN, JUNB, JUND, and FOSB) as well as HLA genes (including HLA-E, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRA, and HLA-DPB1) (Supplementary Figure S3C). This evidence concerns the gene HLA-E and COVID-19.