In the validation dataset, we found consistent metabolic trends in T cells; namely, we found that COVID-19 T cells downregulate key mitophagy genes FUNDC1, PINK1, and CSNK2B (Supplementary Figure S9A) and upregulate key Rho GTPase genes RHOA, RHOBTB1, and ARAP3 (Supplementary Figure S9B) as well as MTOR (Supplementary Figure S9C) compared to HIV-1+ individuals. Here, RHOA is linked to COVID-19.