TNF and bacterial vaginosis: This analysis confirmed that having any HPV, multiple HPVs, any high-risk or any low-risk HPVs was not associated with significantly higher concentrations in any of the cervicovaginal cytokines measured, while having BV was associated with significantly higher IL-1β (β = 1.00; 95% CI 0.30 -1.69; p = 0.006), IL-17F (β = 0.82; 95% CI 0.01–1.64; p = 0.048), IL-25 (β = 0.68; 95% CI 0.03–1.33; p = 0.041), IL-33 (β = 1.34; 95% CI 0.12–2.57; p = 0.032) and TNF-α (β = 1.60; 95% CI 0.52–2.68; p = 0.004).