IFIH1 and infection: We found that pretreatment with PI significantly reduced RV-A16-stimulated MDA5 expression (shown as the % of RV16 infection alone: RV16 + POPG: 76.4 ± 25.8 (%) (not significant (NS), RV16 + PI: 33.4 ± 18.1 (%) (p < 0.001)), and IRF-7 mRNA expression (% of RV16: RV16 + POPG: 89.0 ± 9.9 (%) (NS), RV16 + PI: 49.6 ± 14.4 (%) (p < 0.001), Figure 2A,B).