TNF and infection: The supernatants from cells treated with the inhibitors or with the vehicle-alone control were obtained at 6 h and 18 h post-infection and quantified for the levels of 10 inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13 and TNF-α) using the V-PLEX proinflammatory human cytokine array (Mesoscale).