Similar to the HBc mutations discussed above, a number of small molecules, so-called core inhibitors (CIs) or capsid assembly modulators (CAMs), have been identified that exert similar differential effects on cccDNA formation, inhibiting cccDNA formation during infection but permitting/enhancing cccDNA formation via intracellular amplification (Figure 1) [4,64]. This evidence concerns the gene KRT88P and infection.