Antigens crucial to immune system stimulation (including both patient- or tumor-type-specific neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens) encoded by mRNA vaccines can be expressed on the cellular surface of antigen-presenting cells, facilitating recognition of tumor nests by the host immune system, regardless of the innate tumor neoantigen production or PD-L1 expression [8,9,16]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.