CD4 and neoplasm: Intratumoral injection of a combined vaccine containing synthetic phosphorothioate-modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) has been shown to enhance immune response and mRNA encoding for specific melanoma neoantigens in syngeneic murine models, inhibiting melanoma growth while promoting tumor immune infiltration by CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes [36].