At the cervical and thoracic spinal cord levels of ODC-ɑSyn mice injected with MSA fibrils, the changes in pSer129-ɑSyn staining were accompanied by Iba1-positive microglial activation in ascending anterior columns (Fig. 4l and Supplementary Fig. 8a–i, online version). The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is multiple system atrophy.