C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) chemokines, CXCL9, 10, and 11, are IFN-responsive and associated with the recruitment of activated Th1 cells, and have pleiotropic functions against T cells, such as migration, differentiation and activation, and play crucial roles in immune activation and tumor rejection in TME via its cognate receptor, CXCR312, and anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 therapy decreases in CXCR3 knock-out mice13. Here, CXCL9 is linked to neoplasm.