Moreover, the co-stimulation of immune cells by PBNPs-PTT could increase antigenicity and immunogenicity, increasing the expression of CD80 (mMFI (maximum mean fluorescent intensity) = 4.125), CD86 (mMFI = 768), MHC-1 (mMFI = 2557), and CD137 (mMFI = 155) antigens as well as a melanoma antigen that is recognized by T cells (MART-1/Melan-A mMFI= 725). Here, MLANA is linked to melanoma.