NOS2 and dementia: An in vivo study on prophylactic treatment with extract of black pepper β-caryophyllene (ViphyllinTM) showed improved cognitive functions by suppressing Scopolamine-induced upregulation of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), bax, caspases, p-JNK, and p-38-MAPK, whereas it augmented expression of bcl-2 and TrkB in Scopolamine-induced dementia-model mice [55].