MTOR and Miyoshi myopathy: These activated pathways include phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which support MM growth and protect against apoptosis (Figure 1).