Interestingly, the kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) enzyme, which is not normally expressed in healthy astrocytes, was found to be expressed and functional in human astrocytomas [29], thus suggesting that other enzymes besides IDO could contribute to the production of KP-derived oncometabolites that can promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBM and, consequently, decrease the overall survival of these patients. The gene discussed is NPPA; the disease is glioblastoma.