However, although the expressions or the activities of LFA-1, LFA-3, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and ALCAM, etc., are associated with HTLV-1 tax or HBZ activity [22,35,41], the effects of selective adhesion molecules on HTLV-1-infected T cells of HAM/TSP have not been clarified yet. The gene discussed is ALCAM; the disease is tropical spastic paraparesis.