Indeed, the immunopathological analysis of spinal cord lesions in HAM/TSP patients revealed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 are expressed in infiltrating mononuclear cells with disruption of the vascular endothelium in chronic active lesions with the findings that higher levels of MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 were detected in the CSF of HAM/TSP patients [56,57]. The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is tropical spastic paraparesis.