GCG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: For example, Christiansen et al. [82] showed that SCFAs bound to GPR43 and GPR41 receptors on intestinal L cells, stimulating intestinal L cells and promoting the secretion of peptide-YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), play a large role in anti-diabetes and anti-obesity.