The CKD+NP and CKD+HP groups showed the percentage of cells with LC3B puncta was significantly higher compared to the reference group, reaching the highest levels in the CKD+HP group (Reference = 0.53 ± 0.86%, CKD+NP = 20.03 ± 7.41% and CKD+HP = 48.08 ± 27.25%; p = 0.0003; Figure 7). The gene discussed is MAP1LC3B; the disease is chronic kidney disease.