PINK1 and neuroblastoma: In the present study, treatment of the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with aspartame (271.7 μM) or its three metabolites (aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol (271.7 μM)), generated after digestion of aspartame in the human intestinal tract, resulted in significantly elevated oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial damage, which was illustrated with reduced cardiolipin levels, increased gene expression of SOD1/2, PINK1, and FIS1, and an increase in APF fluorescence.