G6PD and urinary tract infection: Additionally, chloroquine, an antimalarial drug and a second line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, as well as nitrofurantoin, an antibiotic used mainly for the treatment of urinary tract infections, may cause the development of hemolytic anemia when the functionality of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6 PD) is impaired, thus becoming unable to protect red blood cells from certain oxidative metabolites and stressors [110,111].