INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In conventional MR analyses, a genetic predisposition towards higher serum BCAA levels was associated with lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = 0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < 0.001), higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < 0.001), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), but not with LDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, or smoking (p > 0.05) (Table S4).