TNF and atherosclerosis: When compared to healthy controls, patients with ulcerative colitis and atherosclerosis, patients with ulcerative colitis without atherosclerosis and patients with atherosclerosis without ulcerative colitis had higher levels of SE, CRP, Ag PLT ADP, Ag PLT ASPI, Ag PLT TRAP, leukocytes, platelets, faecal calprotectin, TNF-α, and IL6 (Table 1).