In the present study, the reduced expression of TLR4 detected in DS horses likely causes a decrease in signaling through the MyD88 pathway, which may, in turn, lead to reduced IkBKB expression, a consequent decrease in NF-kB activation, and in the end, lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-6. The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is Dravet syndrome.