CCL2 and liver dysplastic nodule: Shoukry et al. [21] found that urinary monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and vitamin D-binding protein(VDBP) levels in diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in the normal group, and the ROC curve analysis of urinary MCP-1 and urinary VDBP levels showed high sensitivity and specificity for the early diagnosis and detection of DN.