INS and lung disorder: The presence of this defect in early ages has severe clinical implication: they are related to the future worsening of glucose tolerance and CFRD [19,20]; they are associated with lung disease in young PwCF with mild to normal pulmonary function [21] independently from hyperglycemia [22]; and insulin is also an important anabolic hormone, and the catabolic effect of insulin insufficiency has important implication on growth [23,24], and is specifically associated with reduced adult height [25].