To date, the preoperative immune status and nutritional status, which can be evaluated by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI = 10 × serum albumin [Alb] [g/dL] + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count [/μL]), in cancer treatment outcomes have been reported and have attracted considerable attention. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and cancer.