LCN2 and acute kidney injury: More effective and potential early biomarkers have been discovered with the in-depth studies of AKI pathology, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the blood (sNGAL) or urine (uNGAL), urinary kidney-injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and interleukin-18 (IL-18), serum cystatin C (sCysC), plasma tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinase 2 (TIMP-2), monocyte chemo-attractant protein (MCP-1), etc. Recently, Menez et al. evaluated 19 urinary biomarkers of injury, inflammation, and repair in 153 hospitalized COVID-19 patients.