Evidence indicates that, in established neoplasia, there is an increase in growth factors such as granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF and GM-CSF, respectively) and inflammatory cytokines (like IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17) produced not only by tumor cells but also by tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils [87]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.