There was a trend towards an increase in TNFα in the EVs obtained from all three patient subgroups compared to the HCs with moderate-large effect sizes (HC vs. mild COVID 19 patients, Cohen’s d = 0.456; HC vs. moderate COVID 19 patients, Cohen’s d = 0.678; and HC vs. severe COVID-19 patients, Cohen’s d = 0.702). Here, TNF is linked to COVID-19.